International calls mounted Wednesday to avoid a “massacre” by regime forces in Syria’s last rebel-held province of Idlib, two days before a summit between key powers backing the government and opposition.
Troops have been massing on the edges of the northwestern province on the border with Turkey for weeks, raising fears of a humanitarian disaster on a scale not yet seen in Syria’s seven-year conflict.
Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan was the latest to warn Damascus against an all-out offensive against a region the United Nations says is home to nearly three million people.
“God forbid, a serious massacre could take place if there is a rain of missiles there,” Erdogan, whose country has supported Syrian rebels, said on Wednesday, September 5.
He spoke two days before he is set to meet the presidents of regime backers Iran and Russia in Tehran to discuss the future of the province.
Global concern has risen in recent days over a threatened regime assault to oust rebels and jihadists from Idlib province and surrounding areas, the last major chunk of Syria still in opposition hands.
On Tuesday, the United Nations peace envoy for Syria urged Erdogan and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin to speak on the phone before Friday’s summit.
Staffan de Mistura called for efforts “to avoid that the last probably major battle of the Syrian territorial conflict… ends in a bloodbath.”
‘Human tragedy’
More than half of Idlib is controlled by jihadists from Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, while much of the rest is held by anti-Assad rebels backed by Turkey.
The regime holds a small southeastern sliver.
The Syrian Democratic Forces maintains control of a significant chunk of territory in the northeast of Syria but is focused on Islamic State.
The U.N. and aid groups have warned a military campaign could spark one of the worst humanitarian catastrophes in a war that has already killed more than 350,000 people and displaced millions.
Some 2.9 million people live in Idlib and surrounding areas, among them one million children.
Many are rebels and civilians who were bussed out of their hometowns in other parts of the country that have come back under regime control.
Late Monday, U.S. President Donald Trump also warned against a full scale assault on Idlib, which he said could trigger a “human tragedy.”
Turkey, Russia and Iran last year designated Idlib a so-called “de-escalation zone”, but that deal did not cover HTS.
On Tuesday, Russian warplanes resumed air strikes on Idlib after a 22-day pause.
Moscow on Wednesday confirmed that four of its jets “inflicted strikes by high-precision weapons” on targets belonging to HTS.
President Bashar al-Assad’s military has retaken large swathes of the country from rebels and jihadists since Russia intervened militarily on its side in 2015.
‘Pocket of terrorism’
Russian planes are based at the Hmeimim airbase in Latakia province, a coastal regime stronghold adjacent to Idlib.
Moscow has accused armed groups in Idlib of sending weaponized drones to attack Hmeimim.
On Wednesday, Putin’s spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said Idlib was the “subject of increased concern and worry” and was the focus of a flurry of diplomacy.
Just a day earlier, Peskov had slammed Idlib as a “pocket of terrorism”, and said “Syrian armed forces are getting ready to solve this problem.”
Friday’s summit in Tehran between key power brokers Erdogan, Putin and Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani is expected to determine the scope and timing of any assault on Idlib.
A U.N. Security Council meeting is also set to be held the same day to discuss Idlib, U.S. ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley has said.
She warned on Tuesday against the use of any chemical weapons in Idlib, after the White House pledged to “respond swiftly and appropriately” to any such attack.
Since the start of the conflict in 2011, Assad’s regime has repeatedly been accused of using chemical weapons, including in its battle this year to retake the former rebel bastion of Eastern Ghouta near Damascus.
Rescue workers accused regime forces of using “poisonous chlorine gas” in the town of Douma in April that killed more than 40 people.
In response, France, the U.K. and the U.S. unleashed missiles on three regime chemical weapons facilities.
With reporting from AFP
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